Kamis, 10 Juli 2014

introducing my self



My name is Siti Fatimah, i’m 22 years old. My student at Gunadarma University. I’m completing a thesis as a graduation requirement postgraduate. Insya Allah I graduated this year, and i wish i could directly after graduation to work in a large company, according to which i aspire.
A little story about me, i am the youngest of six brothers. My father is retired since my junior high school, thence i was taught to be independent. My hobby is selling, i use the results of sales to cost of living. I aspired to be an entrepreuner, create jobs. Over time  after graduating high school. I decided to study economics management.
The lecture me a lot to get lessons on entrepreneurship, because being an entrepreneur is not easy, necessery confidence, responsibility, and always innovating. I wish my parents to be happy, and my family proud of me. So i have to give the best, don’t disappointed them.

Kamis, 19 Juni 2014

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Nama : Siti Fatimah
Npm : 19210431
Kelas :4ea18



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Modal Auxiliaries
Other helping verbs, called modal auxiliaries or modals, such as can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, and would, do not change form for different subjects. For instance, try substituting any of these modal auxiliaries for can with any of the subjects listed below.
I
you (singular)
he
we
you (plural)
they
can write well.


There is also a separate section on the Modal Auxiliaries, which divides these verbs into their various meanings of necessity, advice, ability, expectation, permission, possibility, etc., and provides sample sentences in various tenses. See the section on Conditional Verb Forms for help with the modal auxiliary would. The shades of meaning among modal auxiliaries are multifarious and complex. Most English-as-a-Second-Language textbooks will contain at least one chapter on their usage. For more advanced students, A University Grammar of English, by Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum, contains an excellent, extensive analysis of modal auxiliaries.

A modal auxiliary verb gives much information about the function of the main verb that it governs. Modals have a wide variety of communicative functions, but these functions can generally be related to a scale ranging from possibility ("may") to necessity ("must"), in terms of one of the following types of modality:
  • epistemic modality, concerned with the theoretical possibility of propositions being true or not true (including likelihood and certainty)
  • deontic modality, concerned with possibility and necessity in terms of freedom to act (including permission and duty)
  • dynamic modality, which may be distinguished from deontic modality, in that with dynamic modality, the conditioning factors are internal – the subject's own ability or willingness to act

The following sentences illustrate epistemic and deontic uses of the English modal verb must:
  • epistemic: You must be starving. ("It is necessarily the case that you are starving.")
  • deontic: You must leave now. ("You are required to leave now.")
An ambiguous case is You must speak Spanish. This may be intended epistemically ("It is surely the case that you speak Spanish", e.g. after having lived in Spain for a long time), or deontically ("It is a requirement that you speak Spanish", e.g. if you want to get a job in Spain).
Epistemic modals can be analyzed as raising verbs, while deontic modals can be analyzed as control verbs.
Epistemic usages of modals tend to develop from deontic usages. For example, the inferred certainty sense of English must developed after the strong obligation sense; the probabilistic sense of should developed after the weak obligation sense; and the possibility senses of may and can developed later than the permission or ability sense. Two typical sequences of evolution of modal meanings are:
  • internal mental ability → internal ability → root possibility (internal or external ability) → permission and epistemic possibility
  • obligation → probability

ELLIPTICAL SENTENCE

Nama : Siti Fatimah
Npm : 19210431
Kelas : 4EA18



ELLIPTICAL SENTENCE


Ellipsis means leaving something out. Elliptical sentence is a shorter form of sentence which some words have been omitted, but it retains the same meaning. It is used so that we can avoid unnecessary repeated words.

It is noticeable that elliptical sentences are used quite common in some contexts as:
…..and neither + auxiliary/to be/modal + S
… and S + aux iliary/to be/modal + not either
Contoh :

He didn’t go to school yesterday.
She didn’t go to school yesterday

He didin’t go to school yesterday, and neither did she.
Atau    :
He didn’t go to school yesterday, and She didn’t either.
Perlu diperhatikan dan selalu diingat bahwa Not dalam elliptical sentences selalu disingkat, digabungkan dengan to be atau auxiliary verb yang ada dalam kalimat yang akan diringkas.

Untuk lebih jelasnya, perhatikan contoh-contoh di bawah ini!
They  will not visit you.
I will not visit you.
They  will not visit you, and neither will I.
Atau
They  will not visit you, and I won’t either

He doesn’t do the home work.
I don’t do the home work.
He doesn’t do the home work, and neither do I.
Atau
He doesn’t do the home work, and I don’t either.

They don’t watch TV.
Toni doesn’t watch TV.
They don’t watch TV, and neither does Toni.
atau
They don’t watch TV, and Toni doesn’t either.

We haven’t eaten.
They haven’t eaten.

We haven’t eaten, and neither have they.
Atau
We haven’t eaten, and They haven’t either.

She hasn’t slept.
He hasn’t slept.
She hasn’t slept, and neither has he.
Atau
She hasn’t slept, and he hasn’t either.

Roni isn’t sleeping.
Tono isn’t sleeping.
Roni isn’t sleeping, and neither is Tono.
Atau
Roni isn’t sleeping, and Toni isn’t either.

Kamis, 01 Mei 2014

Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2#Post 1



Perbedaan Simple Past & Present Perfect
1.      Simple past tense infirmation is used when time is up, while present perfect the information is used when the time is not yet finished/ still continues.
2.      Simple past tense used to notify events long, while  present perfect to tell the events that had just  occurred.
3.       Simple past clear description of the time, while present perfect there’s less  obvious explanation.


Perfect Verb Agreement
Subject verb agreement is structure did you mean, where the subject and verb must conform, subject dan verb or predicate it must the same Singular(tunggal) or same plural(jamak).
Example:
Belonging to the category singular: Singular Subject+Singular Verb
-          She teaches English every day.
Belonging to the category Plural: Plural Subject+Plural Verb
-          I teaches english every day.

Possesive Adjective
Possesive adjectives are used to show possession or ownership of something. While we use them when we refer to people, it is more in the sense of relationship than ownership. The possessive adjective needs to agree whit the prossessor and not with the thing that is prossessed.
Examples:
-          My car is very old
-          Her boyfriend is very friendly

Possesive Pronoun
Possesive pronouns are used to indicate who (or what) owns something. Like pronouns, possesive pronouns take the place of nouns in sentences.
Examples:
-          Take Sarah’s car to the party.

Collective Noun
In linguistics, a collective noun is the name of a number( or collection) of people or things taken together and spoken of as one whole. For example, in the phrase “a pride of lions”, pride is a collective noun.